Gum Trees
By Lars Andersen
Lars Andersen is a naturalist, outdoor guide and outfitter, and author of Payne's Prairie, The Great Savanna: A History and Guide. If you're looking for a fun and educational day out on one of Florida's beautiful rivers, Lars is your man!
I once mentioned to my young niece, Allie, that we were going to
a gum
swamp and her face lit up as though we were
headed for the circus. It took me a moment to realize she was
visualizing some kind of candy cane forest where honey dripped
from the trees. I've never felt so reluctant to educate a young
mind as I was at that moment. Under my breath I sheepishly muttered
that the gum
in this case was a kind of tree.
In Florida, we have two kinds
of trees commonly called gums, sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua)
and the tupelos (Nyssa spp.).
These are unrelated trees that are called
gums
for entirely different reasons.
Sweet gum got its name in the
way we might expect, from its sticky sap. Dissect the Latin name,
and you reveal a wonderfully poetic tribute to this sap—Liquidambar
meaning liquid amber
and
styraciflua, flowing with storax or aromatic resin.
This sap, called styrax, has been used as a substitute for storax,
a perfumy balm extracted from a related Oriental species. In
folk medicine styrax has been used for wounds and skin irritations.
More recently, a commercial industry was established in Alabama,
where the sap was processed for ointments and syrups.
But the gums that adorn our local maps with such enticing names as Gum Root Swamp, Gum Pond and Gum Slough are the tupelos. In our area there are three: swamp tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica), water tupelo (N. aquatica) and Ogeechee tupelo (N. ogeche).
Having grown up in a household
steeped in Danish tradition, I am familiar with Nyssa,
the small gnomes of Scandinavian folklore that inspired Swedish
botanist Carl Linnaeus to give the genus this name. Nyssa
are
mischievous little people who usually make their appearance around
Christmastime. But, here in Florida you can find them any time
of year. Just stand in a grove of Ogeechee tupelos and look around
at the stout, squat trunks and gnarled, sprawling limbs and you'll
know you're in the company of gnomes.
Among the most notable animal associates of tupelos are bees. Honey made by bees that have sipped on Ogeechee tupelo blooms is considered by many to be a delicacy. For diabetics, it's much more. Because of high fructose and low dextrose content, it is the only kind of honey they are able to safely eat.
Bees also use tupelos for housing,
often building hives in hollow trunks of swamp tupelo trees.
Another name for a beehive is a "gum", and thus the
name"gum" trees. Some bee keepers use a 2–3 foot
section of fallen, hollow gum tree, with boards on top and bottom,
to house their bee gums. Another use for hollowed sections of
gum trunks is for a kind of rabbit pen called a rabbit
gum.
I explained all of this to Allie, but I could tell my words were little more than an
annoyance; an unwelcome breeze emanating from my mouth that tickled
her ears, without actually entering them. With the selective
mode of hearing that is the gift of childhood, only a few choice
words actually penetrated her mind. Looking up at me with doe-eyed
innocence she whispered hopefully, So it's a forest full
of honey?!
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